Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria’s status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria’s independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country’s “perpetual neutrality” as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991 and Austria’s entry into the EU in 1995 somewhat altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999.
land: 82,445 sq km
water: 1,426 sq km
border countries (8): Czech Republic 402 km; Germany 801 km; Hungary 321 km; Italy 404 km; Liechtenstein 34 km; Slovakia 105 km; Slovenia 299 km; Switzerland 158 km
lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m
mean elevation: 910 m
arable land: 16.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 47.2% (2018 est.)
other: 14.4% (2018 est.)
note 2: the world’s largest and longest ice cave system at 42 km (26 mi) is the Eisriesenwelt (Ice Giants World) inside the Hochkogel mountain near Werfen, about 40 km south of Salzburg; ice caves are bedrock caves that contain year-round ice formations; they differ from glacial caves, which are transient and are formed by melting ice and flowing water within and under glaciers
8,940,860 (2023 est.)
noun: Austrian(s)
adjective: Austrian
Austrian 80.8%, German 2.6%, Bosnian and Herzegovinian 1.9%, Turkish 1.8%, Serbian 1.6%, Romanian 1.3%, other 10% (2018 est.)
note: data represent population by country of birth
German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in southern Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Roman Catholic 55.2%, Muslim 8.3%, Orthodox 4.9%, Evangelical Christian 3.8%, Jewish 0.1%, other 5.4%, none 22.4% (2021 est.)
note: data on Muslim is a 2016 estimate; data on other/none/unspecified are from 2012-2018 estimates
0-14 years: 14.08% (male 645,660/female 613,399)
15-64 years: 65.11% (male 2,914,056/female 2,907,233)
65 years and over: 20.81% (2023 est.) (male 820,022/female 1,040,490)
total dependency ratio: 51.1
youth dependency ratio: 21.7
elderly dependency ratio: 29.4
potential support ratio: 3.4 (2021 est.)
total: 44.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 43.5 years
female: 46.2 years
0.31% (2023 est.)
9.4 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
3.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas
urban population: 59.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
1.975 million VIENNA (capital) (2023)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
29.7 years (2020 est.)
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
total: 3.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
male: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.8 deaths/1,000 live births
total population: 82.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 79.9 years
female: 85.2 years
1.51 children born/woman (2023 est.)
0.74 (2023 est.)
79% (2019)
note: percent of women aged 16-49
improved: urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
11.5% of GDP (2020)
5.29 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
7.3 beds/1,000 population (2018)
improved: urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
20.1% (2016)
total: 11.9 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 6.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.7 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.9 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total: 26.4% (2020 est.)
male: 27.7% (2020 est.)
female: 25% (2020 est.)
NA
58.7% (2023 est.)
5.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 16 years (2020)
some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe; water pollution; the Danube, as well as some of Austria’s other rivers and lakes, are threatened by pollution
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection
temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers
agricultural land: 38.4% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 47.2% (2018 est.)
other: 14.4% (2018 est.)
urban population: 59.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
0.07% of GDP (2018 est.)
0% of GDP (2018 est.)
particulate matter emissions: 11.51 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 61.45 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 6.34 megatons (2020 est.)
municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.836 million tons (2015 est.)
municipal solid waste recycled annually: 1,240,918 tons (2015 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 25.7% (2015 est.)
fresh water lake(s): Lake Constance (shared with Switzerland and Germany) - 540 sq km
Donau (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Slovakia, Czechia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
municipal: 720 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
industrial: 2.7 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
agricultural: 720 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
77.7 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
one of the strongest EU and euro economies; diversified trade portfolios and relations; enormous trade economy; Russian energy dependence, but investing in alternative energy; aging labor force but large refugee population; large government debt
$484.698 billion (2021 est.)
$463.574 billion (2020 est.)
$495.557 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
4.56% (2021 est.)
-6.45% (2020 est.)
1.52% (2019 est.)
$54,100 (2021 est.)
$52,000 (2020 est.)
$55,800 (2019 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
$445.025 billion (2019 est.)
2.77% (2021 est.)
1.38% (2020 est.)
1.53% (2019 est.)
Fitch rating: AA+ (2015)
Moody’s rating: Aa1 (2016)
Standard & Poors rating: AA+ (2012)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
agriculture: 1.3% (2017 est.)
industry: 28.4% (2017 est.)
services: 70.3% (2017 est.)comparison rankings:
household consumption: 52.1% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 19.5% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 23.5% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 1.6% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 54.2% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -50.7% (2017 est.)
milk, maize, sugar beet, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, triticale, grapes, apples
construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and paper, electronics, tourism
6.77% (2021 est.)
4.661 million (2021 est.)
6.3% (2021 est.)
5.36% (2020 est.)
4.49% (2019 est.)
total: 11.4% (2021 est.)
male: 11.5%
female: 11.3%
13.3% (2018 est.)
30.2 (2019 est.)
on food: 9.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 3.2% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 23.5% (2012 est.)
revenues: $218.48 billion (2019 est.)
expenditures: $215.485 billion (2019 est.)
-0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
99.91% of GDP (2020 est.)
83.05% of GDP (2019 est.)
84.16% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices
24.19% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
calendar year
$1.627 billion (2021 est.)
$12.897 billion (2020 est.)
$10.636 billion (2019 est.)
$268.277 billion (2021 est.)
$224.734 billion (2020 est.)
$247.738 billion (2019 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Germany 28%, United States 7%, Italy 6%, Switzerland 5% (2019)
vaccines and cultures, cars, packaged medicines, vehicle parts, broadcasting equipment (2021)
$265.769 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$211.736 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$231.992 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Germany 39%, Italy 7%, Czechia 5% (2019)
cars, vehicle parts, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, packaged medical supplies (2019)
$33.957 billion (31 December 2021 est.)
$30.44 billion (31 December 2020 est.)
$23.616 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
$688.434 billion (2019 est.)
$686.196 billion (2018 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
0.845 (2021 est.)
0.876 (2020 est.)
0.893 (2019 est.)
0.847 (2018 est.)
0.885 (2017 est.)
electrification - total population: 100% (2021)
installed generating capacity: 28.376 million kW (2020 est.)
consumption: 69,905,200,000 kWh (2020 est.)
exports: 22,918,265,000 kWh (2020 est.)
imports: 24.522 billion kWh (2020 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 3.192 billion kWh (2020 est.)comparison rankings:
fossil fuels: 17.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
solar: 2.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
wind: 9.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
hydroelectricity: 62.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
biomass and waste: 7.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
production: 1.327 million metric tons (2020 est.)
consumption: 4.899 million metric tons (2020 est.)
exports: 1,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
imports: 3.667 million metric tons (2020 est.)
proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
total petroleum production: 20,100 bbl/day (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 278,700 bbl/day (2019 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate imports: 168,300 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 35.2 million barrels (2021 est.)
186,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)
49,960 bbl/day (2017 est.)
135,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)
production: 924.5 million cubic meters (2019 est.)
consumption: 9.208 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)
exports: 2.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)
imports: 14.11 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)
proven reserves: 5.04 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
65.54 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 10.508 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 37.336 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 17.695 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
171.299 million Btu/person (2019 est.)
number of registered air carriers: 11 (2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 130
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 12,935,505 (2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 373.51 million (2018) mt-km
OE
50 (2021)
24
civil airports: 5
military airports: 1
joint use (civil-military) airports: 0
other airports: 18
note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)
28
note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control
1 (2021)
1,888 km gas, 594 km oil, 157 km refined products (2017)
total: 6,123 km (2022) 3,523 km electrified
total: 137,039 km (2018)
paved: 137,039 km (2018) (includes 2,232 km of expressways)
358 km (2011)
total: 1 (2022)
by type: other 1
river port(s): Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)
manyapis