Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British overseas territories. Vacationing to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island’s economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has also developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.
land: 54 sq km
water: 0 sq km
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
arable land: 14.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
forest: 20% (2018 est.)
other: 65.2% (2018 est.)
72,576 (2023 est.)
noun: Bermudian(s)
adjective: Bermudian
African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)
English (official), Portuguese
Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah’s Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)
0-14 years: 16.45% (male 6,126/female 5,815)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 22,401/female 22,347)
65 years and over: 21.89% (2023 est.) (male 6,763/female 9,124)
total dependency ratio: 52.9
youth dependency ratio: 22.8
elderly dependency ratio: 30.1
potential support ratio: 3.3 (2021)
total: 43.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 41.4 years
female: 46.3 years
0.32% (2023 est.)
11 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
relatively even population distribution throughout
urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
total: 2.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births
total population: 82.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 79.2 years
female: 85.5 years
1.89 children born/woman (2023 est.)
0.92 (2023 est.)
NA
improved: urban: 99.9% of population
rural: NA
total: 99.9% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population
rural: NA
total: 0.1% of population (2020)
NA
NA
improved: urban: 99.9% of population
rural: NA
total: 99.9% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population
rural: NA
total: 0.1% of population (2020)
NA
47.6% (2023 est.)
1.9% of GDP (2021 est.)
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
total: 13 years
male: 12 years
female: 13 years (2015)
dense population and heavy vehicle traffic create serious congestion and air pollution problems; water resources scarce (most obtained as rainwater or from wells); solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills
subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
agricultural land: 14.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 14.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
forest: 20% (2018 est.)
other: 65.2% (2018 est.)
urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 0.61 megatons (2016 est.)
municipal solid waste generated annually: 82,000 tons (2012 est.)
municipal solid waste recycled annually: 1,640 tons (2012 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 2% (2012 est.)
small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area
$5.127 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars
$4.863 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars
$5.22 billion (2019 est.)
5.41% (2021 est.)
-6.84% (2020 est.)
0.31% (2019 est.)
$80,300 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars
$76,100 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars
$81,700 (2019 est.)
$6.127 billion (2016 est.)
1.9% (2017 est.)
1.4% (2016 est.)
Fitch rating: N/A (2015)
Moody’s rating: A2 (2016)
Standard & Poors rating: A+ (2015)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
agriculture: 0.9% (2017 est.)
industry: 5.3% (2017 est.)
services: 93.8% (2017 est.)comparison rankings:
household consumption: 51.3% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 15.7% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 13.7% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 49.8% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -30.4% (2017 est.)
bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey
international business, tourism, light manufacturing
0.1% (2021 est.)
33,480 (2016 est.)
7% (2017 est.)
7% (2016 est.)
total: 29.3% (2014 est.)
male: 29.7%
female: 29%
11% (2008 est.)
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
revenues: $999.2 million (2017 est.)
expenditures: $1.176 billion (2017 est.)
-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
43% of GDP (FY14/15)
16.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
1 April - 31 March
$1.015 billion (2021 est.)
$853.85 million (2020 est.)
$838.701 million (2019 est.)
$1.123 billion (2021 est.)
$1.027 billion (2020 est.)
$1.605 billion (2019 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Jamaica 49.1%, Luxembourg 36.1%, US 4.9% (2017)
recreational boats, ships, trailers, aircraft, fertilizers (2021)
$1.925 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.723 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$2.224 billion (2019 est.)
United States 44%, South Korea 17%, Germany 10%, Canada 8% (2019)
ships, refined petroleum, postage stamps, recreational boats, aircraft (2019)
$2.515 billion (2017 est.)
$2.435 billion (2015 est.)
Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
1 (2021 est.)
1 (2020 est.)
1 (2019 est.)
1 (2018 est.)
1 (2017 est.)
electrification - total population: 100% (2021)
installed generating capacity: 172,000 kW (2020 est.)
consumption: 533.434 million kWh (2019 est.)
exports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)
imports: 0 kWh (2020 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 41 million kWh (2019 est.)comparison rankings:
fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 5,200 bbl/day (2019 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
3,939 bbl/day (2015 est.)
production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
796,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 796,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
176.312 million Btu/person (2019 est.)
VP-B
1 (2021)
1
note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)
total: 447 km (2010)
paved: 447 km (2010)
note: 225 km public roads; 222 km private roads
total: 135 (2022)
by type: container ship 14, oil tanker 15, other 106
major seaport(s): Hamilton, Ireland Island, Saint George
manyapis