The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter’s dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia was one of the republics in the restored Yugoslavia, which, though communist, soon distanced itself from the Soviet Union and spearheaded the Non-Aligned Movement. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a growing economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia’s postcommunist transition. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
border countries (4): Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 492 m
arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 62.3% (2018 est.)
other: 14.9% (2018 est.)
2,099,790 (2023 est.)
noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)
Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 1%, unaffiliated 3.5%, no response or unspecified 22.8%, none 10.1% (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 14.55% (male 156,499/female 148,987)
15-64 years: 62.73% (male 685,750/female 631,553)
65 years and over: 22.72% (2023 est.) (male 208,832/female 268,169)
total dependency ratio: 55.5
youth dependency ratio: 23.6
elderly dependency ratio: 31.9
potential support ratio: 3.1 (2021 est.)
total: 45.9 years (2023 est.)
male: 44.6 years
female: 47.5 years
-0.08% (2023 est.)
8.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
10.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere
urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
29 years (2020 est.)
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
total: 1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
male: 1.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
total population: 82 years (2023 est.)
male: 79.2 years
female: 85 years
1.6 children born/woman (2023 est.)
0.78 (2023 est.)
NA
improved: urban: NA
total: 99.5% of population
unimproved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)
9.5% of GDP (2020)
3.28 physicians/1,000 population (2019)
4.4 beds/1,000 population (2018)
improved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 99% of population
unimproved: urban: NA
rural: NA
total: 1% of population (2020 est.)
20.2% (2016)
total: 11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total: 22% (2020 est.)
male: 24.4% (2020 est.)
female: 19.6% (2020 est.)
NA
46.4% (2023 est.)
5.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
definition: NA
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.7% (2015)
total: 18 years
male: 17 years
female: 18 years (2020)
air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood buring), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
agricultural land: 22.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 62.3% (2018 est.)
other: 14.9% (2018 est.)
urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
0.2% of GDP (2018 est.)
0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)
particulate matter emissions: 14.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 12.63 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 2.1 megatons (2020 est.)
municipal solid waste generated annually: 926,000 tons (2015 est.)
municipal solid waste recycled annually: 430,034 tons (2015 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 46.4% (2015 est.)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
municipal: 170 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
industrial: 830 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
agricultural: 3.9 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
31.87 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
high-income, fast-growing EU-member economy; high human capital; key health infrastructure investments; high government spending; key Croatian investments; high-technology and manufacturing sectors; growing financial hub
$84.4 billion (2021 est.)
$77.996 billion (2020 est.)
$81.519 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
8.21% (2021 est.)
-4.32% (2020 est.)
3.45% (2019 est.)
$40,000 (2021 est.)
$37,100 (2020 est.)
$39,000 (2019 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
$54.16 billion (2019 est.)
1.92% (2021 est.)
-0.05% (2020 est.)
1.63% (2019 est.)
Fitch rating: A (2019)
Moody’s rating: A3 (2020)
Standard & Poors rating: AA- (2019)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
agriculture: 1.8% (2017 est.)
industry: 32.2% (2017 est.)
services: 65.9% (2017 est.)comparison rankings:
household consumption: 52.6% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 18.2% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 18.4% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 82.3% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -72.6% (2017 est.)
milk, maize, wheat, grapes, barley, potatoes, poultry, apples, beef, pork
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
9.43% (2021 est.)
1.036 million (2021 est.)
4.42% (2021 est.)
4.97% (2020 est.)
4.45% (2019 est.)
total: 13.9% (2021 est.)
male: 12.7%
female: 15.5%
12% (2018 est.)
24.4 (2019 est.)
on food: 14.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 5.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
lowest 10%: 3.8%
highest 10%: 20.1% (2016)
revenues: $23.735 billion (2019 est.)
expenditures: $23.456 billion (2019 est.)
0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
78.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: defined by the EU’s Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds
16.92% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
calendar year
$2.372 billion (2021 est.)
$4.058 billion (2020 est.)
$3.23 billion (2019 est.)
$51.634 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$41.823 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$45.516 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Germany 18%, Italy 11%, Croatia 8%, Austria 7%, France 5%, Switzerland 5% (2019)
packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, electrical lighting/signaling equipment, electricity (2019)
$47.665 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$36.804 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$40.809 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Germany 14%, Italy 12%, Austria 8%, Switzerland 8%, China 7% (2019)
packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, electricity (2019)
$2.267 billion (31 December 2021 est.)
$1.311 billion (31 December 2020 est.)
$1.015 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
$48.656 billion (2019 est.)
$50.004 billion (2018 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
0.845 (2021 est.)
0.876 (2020 est.)
0.893 (2019 est.)
0.847 (2018 est.)
0.885 (2017 est.)
electrification - total population: 100% (2021)
installed generating capacity: 4.062 million kW (2020 est.)
consumption: 13.447 billion kWh (2020 est.)
exports: 9.123 billion kWh (2020 est.)
imports: 7.12 billion kWh (2020 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 848 million kWh (2020 est.)comparison rankings:
fossil fuels: 27.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
nuclear: 36.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
solar: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
hydroelectricity: 32% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
biomass and waste: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2023)
Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.69GW (2023)
Percent of total electricity production: 36.9% (2021)
Percent of total energy produced: 40.6% (2021)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0
production: 3.175 million metric tons (2020 est.)
consumption: 3.502 million metric tons (2020 est.)
exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
imports: 335,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
proven reserves: 371 million metric tons (2019 est.)
total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 54,900 bbl/day (2019 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)
0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
29,350 bbl/day (2017 est.)
93,060 bbl/day (2017 est.)
production: 4.899 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
consumption: 904.439 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
exports: 0 cubic meters (2020 est.)
imports: 903.108 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
13.553 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 4.08 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 7.967 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 1.506 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
134.836 million Btu/person (2019 est.)
number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 21
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,094,762 (2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 540,000 (2018) mt-km
S5
16 (2021)
9
civil airports: 3
military airports: 0
joint use (civil-military) airports: 1
other airports: 5
note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)
7
note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control
1,155 km gas, 5 km oil (2018)
total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified
total: 38,985 km (2012)
paved: 38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways)
710 km (2022) (some transport on the Drava River)
total: 9 (2022)
by type: general cargo 1, other 8
major seaport(s): Koper
manyapis