Britain’s American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation’s history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world’s most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.
land: 9,147,593 sq km
water: 685,924 sq km
note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia, no overseas territories
border countries (2): Canada 8,891 km (including 2,475 km with Alaska); Mexico 3,111 km
note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28.5 km
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: not specified
note: many consider Denali, the highest peak in the US, to be the world’s coldest mountain because of its combination of high elevation and its subarctic location at 63 degrees north latitude; permanent snow and ice cover over 75 percent of the mountain, and enormous glaciers, up to 45 miles long and 3,700 feet thick, spider out from its base in every direction; it is home to some of the world’s coldest and most violent weather, where winds of over 150 miles per hour and temperatures of -93˚F have been recorded.
lowest point: Death Valley (lowest point in North America) -86 m
mean elevation: 760 m
note: Denali is one of the most striking features on the entire planet; at 20,310 feet, it is the crowning peak of the Alaska Range and the highest mountain on North America; it towers three and one-half vertical miles above its base, making it a mile taller from base to summit than Mt. Everest; Denali’s base sits at about 2,000 feet above sea level and rises over three and one-half miles to its 20,310 foot summit; Everest begins on a 14,000-foot high plain, then summits at 29,028 feet.**
note:** the peak of Mauna Kea (4,207 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world’s tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level
note 1: the US has the world’s largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world’s total
note 2: the US is reliant on foreign imports for 100% of its needs for the following strategic resources: Arsenic, Cesium, Fluorspar, Gallium, Graphite, Indium, Manganese, Niobium, Rare Earths, Rubidium, Scandium, Tantalum, Yttrium; see Appendix H: Strategic Materials for further details
arable land: 16.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 27.4% (2018 est.)
forest: 33.3% (2018 est.)
other: 22.2% (2018 est.)
salt water lake(s): Great Salt – 4,360 sq km; Pontchartrain – 1,620 sq km; Selawik – 1,400 sq km; Salton Sea – 950 sq km
note 2: the western coast of the United States and southern coast of Alaska lie along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world’s earthquakes and some 75% of the world’s volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire
note 3: the Aleutian Islands are a chain of volcanic islands that divide the Bering Sea (north) from the main Pacific Ocean (south); they extend about 1,800 km westward from the Alaskan Peninsula; the archipelago consists of 14 larger islands, 55 smaller islands, and hundreds of islets; there are 41 active volcanoes on the islands, which together form a large northern section of the Ring of Fire
note 4: Mammoth Cave, in west-central Kentucky, is the world’s longest known cave system with more than 650 km (405 miles) of surveyed passageways, which is nearly twice as long as the second-longest cave system, the Sac Actun underwater cave in Mexico - the world’s longest underwater cave system (see “Geography - note” under Mexico);
note 5: Kazumura Cave on the island of Hawaii is the world’s longest and deepest lava tube cave; it has been surveyed at 66 km (41 mi) long and 1,102 m (3,614 ft) deep
note 6: Bracken Cave outside of San Antonio, Texas is the world’s largest bat cave; it is the summer home to the largest colony of bats in the world; an estimated 20 million Mexican free-tailed bats roost in the cave from March to October making it the world’s largest known concentration of mammals
note 7: the US is reliant on foreign imports for 100% of its needs for the following strategic resources - Arsenic, Cesium, Fluorspar, Gallium, Graphite, Indium, Manganese, Niobium, Rare Earths, Rubidium, Scandium, Tantalum, Yttrium; see Appendix H: Strategic Materials for further details
note 8: three food crops are generally acknowledged to be native to areas of what is now the United States: cranberries, pecans, and sunflowers
339,665,118 (2023 est.)
note: the US Census Bureau’s 2020 census results show the US population as 331,449,281 as of 1 April 2020
noun: American(s)
adjective: American
White 61.6%, Black or African American 12.4%, Asian 6%, Amerindian and Alaska native 1.1%, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.2%, other 8.4%, two or more races 10.2% (2020 est.)
note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (White, Black, Asian, etc.); an estimated 18.7% of the total US population is Hispanic as of 2020
English only 78.2%, Spanish 13.4%, Chinese 1.1%, other 7.3% (2017 est.)
note: data represent the language spoken at home; the US has no official national language, but English has acquired official status in 32 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii, and 20 indigenous languages are official in Alaska
Protestant 46.5%, Roman Catholic 20.8%, Jewish 1.9%, Church of Jesus Christ 1.6%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 0.9%, Jehovah’s Witness 0.8%, Buddhist 0.7%, Hindu 0.7%, other 1.8%, unaffiliated 22.8%, don’t know/refused 0.6% (2014 est.)
0-14 years: 18.15% (male 31,509,186/female 30,154,408)
15-64 years: 63.72% (male 108,346,275/female 108,100,830)
65 years and over: 18.12% (2023 est.) (male 27,589,149/female 33,965,270)
total dependency ratio: 53.7
youth dependency ratio: 28
elderly dependency ratio: 25.6
potential support ratio: 3.9 (2021 est.)
total: 38.5 years (2020)
male: 37.2 years
female: 39.8 years
0.68% (2023 est.)
12.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prarie states are less densely populated; Alaska’s population is concentrated along its southern coast - with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage - and Hawaii’s is centered on the island of Oahu
urban population: 83.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
18.937 million New York-Newark, 12.534 million Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, 8.937 million Chicago, 6.707 million Houston, 6.574 million Dallas-Fort Worth, 5.490 million WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) (2023)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female NA
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
27 years (2019 est.)
21 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
total: 5.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
male: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.7 deaths/1,000 live births
total population: 80.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 78.5 years
female: 82.9 years
1.84 children born/woman (2023 est.)
0.9 (2023 est.)
73.9% (2017/19)
improved: urban: 99.9% of population
rural: 99.7% of population
total: 99.9% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population
rural: 0.3% of population
total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.)
18.8% of GDP (2020)
2.61 physicians/1,000 population (2018)
2.9 beds/1,000 population (2017)
improved: urban: 99.8% of population
rural: 98.9% of population
total: 99.7% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.2% of population
rural: 11.1% of population
total: 0.3% of population (2020 est.)
36.2% (2016)
total: 8.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 3.97 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 1.67 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total: 23% (2020 est.)
male: 28.4% (2020 est.)
female: 17.5% (2020 est.)
0.4% (2017/18)
51.9% (2023 est.)
6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2020)
air pollution; large emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; declining natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; deforestation; mining; desertification; species conservation; invasive species (the Hawaiian Islands are particularly vulnerable)
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Protocol
mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
note: many consider Denali, the highest peak in the US, to be the world’s coldest mountain because of its combination of high elevation and its subarctic location at 63 degrees north latitude; permanent snow and ice cover over 75 percent of the mountain, and enormous glaciers, up to 45 miles long and 3,700 feet thick, spider out from its base in every direction; it is home to some of the world’s coldest and most violent weather, where winds of over 150 miles per hour and temperatures of -93˚F have been recorded.
agricultural land: 44.5% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 27.4% (2018 est.)
forest: 33.3% (2018 est.)
other: 22.2% (2018 est.)
urban population: 83.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
0.04% of GDP (2018 est.)
0.2% of GDP (2018 est.)
particulate matter emissions: 7.18 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 5,006.3 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 685.74 megatons (2020 est.)
municipal solid waste generated annually: 258 million tons (2015 est.)
municipal solid waste recycled annually: 89.268 million tons (2014 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 34.6% (2014 est.)
fresh water lake(s): Michigan – 57,750 sq km; Superior* – 53,348 sq km; Huron* – 23,597 sq km; Erie* – 12,890 sq km; Ontario* – 9,220 sq km; Lake of the Woods – 4,350 sq km; Iliamna – 2,590 sq km; Okeechobee – 1,810 sq km; Belcharof – 1,190 sq km; Red – 1,170 sq km; Saint Clair – 1,113 sq km; Champlain – 1,100 sq km
note - Great Lakes* area shown as US waters
salt water lake(s): Great Salt – 4,360 sq km; Pontchartrain – 1,620 sq km; Selawik – 1,400 sq km; Salton Sea – 950 sq km
Missouri - 3,768 km; Mississippi - 3,544 km; Yukon river mouth (shared with Canada [s]) - 3,190 km; Saint Lawrence (shared with Canada) - 3,058 km; Rio Grande river source ( mouth shared with Mexico) - 3,057 km; Colorado river source (shared with Mexico [m]) - 2,333 km; Arkansas - 2,348 km; Columbia river mouth (shared with Canada [s]) - 2,250 km; Red - 2,188 km; Ohio - 2,102 km; Snake - 1,670 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Gulf of Mexico) Mississippi* (3,202,185 sq km); Rio Grande (607,965 sq km); (Gulf of Saint Lawrence) Saint Lawrence* (1,049,636 sq km total, US only 505,000 sq km)
Pacific Ocean drainage: Yukon* (847,620 sq km, US only 23,820 sq km); Colorado (703,148 sq km); Columbia* (657,501 sq km, US only 554,501 sq km)
note - watersheds shared with Canada shown with *
Northern Great Plains Aquifer, Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifer System, Californian Central Valley Aquifer System, Ogallala Aquifer (High Plains), Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains Aquifer
municipal: 58.39 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
industrial: 209.7 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
agricultural: 176.2 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
3.07 trillion cubic meters (2020 est.)
high-income, diversified North American economy; NATO leader; largest importer and second-largest exporter; home to leading financial exchanges; high and growing public debt; rising socioeconomic inequalities; historically low interest rates; hit by COVID-19
$21.132 trillion (2021 est.)
$19.946 trillion (2020 est.)
$20.513 trillion (2019 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
5.95% (2021 est.)
-2.77% (2020 est.)
2.29% (2019 est.)
$63,700 (2021 est.)
$60,200 (2020 est.)
$62,500 (2019 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
$21,433,228,000,000 (2019 est.)
4.7% (2021 est.)
1.23% (2020 est.)
1.81% (2019 est.)
Fitch rating: AAA (1994)
Moody’s rating: Aaa (1949)
Standard & Poors rating: AA+ (2011)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
agriculture: 0.9% (2017 est.)
industry: 19.1% (2017 est.)
services: 80% (2017 est.)comparison rankings:
household consumption: 68.4% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 17.3% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 17.2% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.1% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 12.1% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -15% (2017 est.)
maize, milk, soybeans, wheat, sugar cane, sugar beet, poultry, potatoes, cotton, pork
highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining
3.25% (2021 est.)
164.797 million (2021 est.)
note: includes unemployed
5.46% (2021 est.)
8.05% (2020 est.)
3.67% (2019 est.)
total: 9.6% (2021 est.)
male: 10.5%
female: 8.6%
15.1% (2010 est.)
41.5 (2019 est.)
on food: 6.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 1.7% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 30% (2007 est.)
revenues: $6.429 trillion (2019 est.)
expenditures: $7.647 trillion (2019 est.)
-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
126.39% of GDP (2020 est.)
100.9% of GDP (2019 est.)
99.15% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as “Debt Held by the Public,” which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intragovernment debt were added, “gross debt” would increase by about one-third of GDP
9.86% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP
1 October - 30 September
-$846.354 billion (2021 est.)
-$619.702 billion (2020 est.)
-$445.955 billion (2019 est.)
$2.557 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$2.159 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$2.546 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Canada 16%, Mexico 15%, China 9%, Japan 4%, South Korea 4% (2021)
refined petroleum, natural gas, crude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, aircraft, vaccines and cultures (2021)
$3.402 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$2.813 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$3.106 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
China 19%, Mexico 13%, Canada 13%, Germany 5%, Japan 5% (2021)
cars, crude petroleum, computers, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines (2021)
$716.152 billion (31 December 2021 est.)
$628.37 billion (31 December 2020 est.)
$516.701 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
$20,275,951,000,000 (2019 est.)
$19,452,478,000,000 (2018 est.)
note: approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world’s reserve currency
British pounds per US dollar: 0.7836 (2017 est.), 0.738 (2016 est.), 0.738 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.)
Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1, 1.308 (2017 est.), 1.3256 (2016 est.), 1.3256 (2015 est.), 1.2788 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.)
Chinese yuan per US dollar: 1, 6.7588 (2017 est.), 6.6445 (2016 est.), 6.2275 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.)
euros per US dollar: 0.885 (2017 est.), 0.903 (2016 est.), 0.9214(2015 est.), 0.885 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.)
Japanese yen per US dollar: 111.10 (2017 est.), 108.76 (2016 est.), 108.76 (2015 est.), 121.02 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.)
note 1: the following countries and territories use the US dollar officially as their legal tender: British Virgin Islands, Ecuador, El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Timor Leste, Turks and Caicos, and islands of the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba)
note 2: the following countries and territories use the US dollar as official legal tender alongside local currency: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama
note 3: the following countries and territories widely accept the US dollar as a dominant currency but have yet to declare it as legal tender: Bermuda, Burma, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Somalia
Exchange rates:
1 (2021 est.)
1 (2020 est.)
1 (2019 est.)
1 (2018 est.)
1 (2017 est.)
electrification - total population: 100% (2021)
installed generating capacity: 1,143,266,000 kW (2020 est.)
consumption: 3,897,886,551,000 kWh (2020 est.)
exports: 14,134,679,000 kWh (2020 est.)
imports: 61,448,863,000 kWh (2020 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 198,085,480,000 kWh (2020 est.)comparison rankings:
fossil fuels: 59.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
nuclear: 19.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
solar: 3.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
wind: 8.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
hydroelectricity: 7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
geothermal: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
biomass and waste: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 93 (2023)
Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 95.83GW (2021)
Percent of total electricity production: 20% (2021)
Percent of total energy produced: 8.2% (2021)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 20
note: The US has the World’s largest nuclear energy program with 26% of the World’s net capacity of nuclear reactors
production: 495.13 million metric tons (2020 est.)
consumption: 441.968 million metric tons (2020 est.)
exports: 63.276 million metric tons (2020 est.)
imports: 4.808 million metric tons (2020 est.)
proven reserves: 228.662 billion metric tons (2019 est.)
total petroleum production: 17,924,200 bbl/day (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 20,542,900 bbl/day (2019 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate exports: 2,048,100 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate imports: 7,768,500 bbl/day (2018 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 47.107 billion barrels (2020 est.)
20.3 million bbl/day (2017 est.)
5.218 million bbl/day (2017 est.)
2.175 million bbl/day (2017 est.)
production: 967,144,362,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)
consumption: 857,542,658,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)
exports: 188,401,779,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)
imports: 79,512,470,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)
proven reserves: 13,178,780,000,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)
5,144,361,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 1,077,520,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 2,382,833,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 1,684,008,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
304.414 million Btu/person (2019 est.)
number of registered air carriers: 99 (2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 7,249
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 889.022 million (2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 42,985,300,000 (2018) mt-km
N
13,513 (2022)
note - 24.5% of airports are public
5,054
civil airports: 1,606
military airports: 162
joint use (civil-military) airports: 31
other airports: 3,255
note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)
8,459
note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control
6,092 (2022)
1,984,321 km natural gas, 240,711 km petroleum products (2013)
total: 293,564.2 km (2014)
standard gauge: 293,564.2 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
total: 6,586,610 km (2012)
paved: 4,304,715 km (2012) (includes 76,334 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,281,895 km (2012)
41,009 km (2012) (19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, is shared with Canada)
total: 178 (2022)
by type: bulk carrier 4, container ship 61, general cargo 19, oil tanker 65, other (roll on/roll off 29)
note - oceangoing self-propelled, cargo-carrying vessels of 1,000 gross tons and above
major seaport(s):_
Atlantic Ocean:_ Charleston, Hampton Roads, New York/New Jersey, Savannah
Pacific Ocean: Long Beach, Los Angeles, Oakland, Seattle/Tacoma
Gulf of Mexico: Houston
oil terminal(s): LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal
container port(s) (TEUs): Charleston (2,751,442), Hampton Roads (3,522,834), Houston (3,453,220), Long Beach (9,384,368), Los Angeles (10,677,610), New York/New Jersey (8,985,929), Oakland (2,448,243), Savannah (5,613,163), Seattle/Tacoma (3,736,206) (2021)
LNG terminal(s) (export): Calcasieu Pass (LA), Cameron (LA), Corpus Christi (TX), Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Freeport (TX), Sabine Pass (LA)
note - two additional export facilities are under construction and expected to begin commercial operations in 2023-2024
LNG terminal(s) (import): Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Everett (MA), Freeport (TX), Golden Pass (TX), Hackberry (LA), Lake Charles (LA), Neptune (offshore), Northeast Gateway (offshore), Pascagoula (MS), Sabine Pass (TX)
river port(s): Baton Rouge, Plaquemines, New Orleans (Mississippi River)
cargo ports: Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines (LA), Tampa, Texas City
cruise departure ports (passengers): Miami, Port Everglades, Port Canaveral, Seattle, Long Beach
the US operates one PC 1 or 2 class heavy icebreaker, two PC 3 or 4 class medium icebreakers, and two PC 5 or 6 class light icebreakers; the heavy and medium icebreakers carry out various polar missions including opening passage for the annual resupply of McMurdo Station in Antarctica
note - PC indicates a Polar Class vessel: PC 1 - year-round operation in all polar waters (ice thickness >3 m); PC 2 - year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions (ice thickness up to 3 m); PC 3 - year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 2.5 m); PC 4 - year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 120 cm); PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)
manyapis